Abstract：Chinese medicine believes that physique，qi，and spirit are the three basic elements that constitute the human body，and they are closely linked and influence each other. Primary dysmenorrhea （PD） is a common clinical gynecological disease，and its occurrence and development involve pathological changes in physique，qi，and spirit. Based on the life view of the trinity of physique， qi， and spirit， this paper proposes that during the occurrence and development of PD， malnutrition of thoroughfare and conception vessels and coagulation and stagnation of uterine collaterals are the internal etiology and pathogenesis；qi deficiency of zang-fu organs and disorder of qi movement are the dominant factors in its occurrence and development； and negative emotions such as pain， anxiety， depression， and irritability， which are manifestations of spirit disturbance， can induce and exacerbate the development of PD. Treatment advocates the principles of treating physique， regulating qi， and stabilizing spirit， and the guiding significance of treating PD through the integrated regulation of physique， qi， and spirit can provide new theoretical methods and treatment ideas for the treatment of PD with Chinese medicine.