Abstract：Objective：To systematically review the research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of cervical vertigo（ CV） from both western and Chinese medicine perspectives，integrating modern medicine and Chinese medicine understandings of the pathological mechanisms of CV， and providing a theoretical basis for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods：Analyzed relevant literature from the past decade，both domestic and international， using a literature review approach. Focused on modern medical theories and Chinese medicine etiological and pathogenic explanations of CV. Systematically summarized the action mechanisms and clinical efficacy of both western and Chinese medicine treatment methods，and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of different therapies based on evidence. Results： Modern medical research reveals that CV is closely related to vertebral artery compression， sympathetic nerve activation， and cervical proprioceptive abnormalities. Chinese medicine explains its pathogenesis from the perspective of wind，phlegm，stasis，and deficiency. Western medicine shows significant short-term efficacy in drug treatment，but its long-term effects are limited. Chinese medicine comprehensive therapies，by regulating muscle and bone balance and improving qi and blood circulation，have advantages in alleviating symptoms and reducing recurrence rates. Combined application of both approaches can enhance overall efficacy. Surgical treatment，although significantly effective for vertigo symptoms in CV patients， requires strict control of indications. Psychological interventions can significantly improve patients' anxiety states，indirectly enhancing therapeutic effects. Conclusion：The etiology of CV is complex and requires a multidimensional analysis of its pathological mechanisms combining both western and Chinese medicine theories. The synergy of western and Chinese medicine approaches can compensate for the limitations of single therapies. Future efforts should focus on establishing diagnostic standards based on quantitative indicators，deepening interdisciplinary research，and promoting the construction of individualized precision treatment systems to provide more efficient and safer solutions for clinical practice.