Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of Yuqin Lidan Decoction combined with Ursodeoxycholic Acid in preventing gallstone recurrence after endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving lithotomy. Methods： A total of 71 patients with gallbladder stones who were treated in the General Surgery of Shenzhen Hospital （Longgang） of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected and divided into the western medicine group， the Chinese medicine group， and the combination group according to the random number table method. All the three groups underwent endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving lithotomy. The treatment for preventing gallstone recurrence started from the 14th day after surgery and continued for 6 months，folllow-up was conducted up to 24 months postoperatively. The western medicine group was treated with Ursodeoxycholic Acid Capsules，the Chinese medicine group with Yuqin Lidan Decoction，and the combined group with both Yuqin Lidan Decoction and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Capsules. The gallbladder wall thickness， gallbladder contraction rates， Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index （GIQLI） scores，and serum levels of cholecystokinin （CCK），motilin （MTL）， triglycerides（ TG），total cholesterol（ TC），and high-density lipoprotein（ HDL） were compared among the three groups at 6，12，and 24 months postoperatively. The recurrence rate of gallstones and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results：At 6，12，and 24 months postoperatively，the gallbladder wall thickness in the three groups was thinner than that before surgery （P＜0.05）. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively，the gallbladder wall in the combination group was thinner than that in the western medicine group at the same time points， and the gallbladder wall in the western medicine group was thinner than that in the Chinese medicine group （P＜0.05）. At 24 months postoperatively， there was no significant difference in gallbladder wall thickness among the three groups （P＞0.05）. The gallbladder contraction rate in all the three groups increased compared to that before surgery at 6， 12，and 24 months postoperatively （P＜0.05）. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively，there was no significant difference in gallbladder contraction rates between the combination group and the western medicine group at the same time points （P＞0.05）. However，the gallbladder contraction rates in both the combination group and the western medicine group were higher than that in the Chinese medicine group at the same time points （P＜0.05）. At 24 months postoperatively，the gallbladder contraction rate in the combination group was higher than those in the western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group （P＜0.05）， while there was no significant difference between the western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group （P＞0.05）. At 6， 12 and 24 months after surgery， the GIQLI scores of the three groups were all higher than that before surgery， and the GIQLI scores of the combination groups were higher than those of the western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group in the same period （P＜0.05）； the differences between the GIQLI scores of the Chinese medicine group and the western medicine group in the same period were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. At 6 months postoperatively，the TG and TC levels in all the three groups decreased compared to those before surgery （P＜0.05），the HDL levels in all three groups increased compared to those before surgery with the TG level in the combination group being lower than that in the western medicine group （P＜ 0.05），and the TG level in the western medicine group being lower than that in the Chinese medicine group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in TC and HDL levels among the three groups （P＞0.05）. At 6 months postoperatively，the CCK and MTL levels in all the three groups increased compared to those before surgery （P＜0.05）， with the CCK and MTL levels in the combination group being higher than those in the western medicine group （P＜ 0.05），and the CCK and MTL levels in the western medicine group being higher than those in the Chinese medicine group （P＜0.05）. No recurrence was observed in all three groups at 6 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rates among the three groups at 12 months postoperatively （P＞0.05）. At 24 months postoperatively，the recurrence rate in the combination group was 0%，which was lower than the 14.29% in the western medicine group and the 18.18% in the Chinese medicine group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the Chinese medicine group and the western medicine group （P＞0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusion： The combination of Yuqin Lidan Decoction and Ursodeoxycholic Acid in preventing gallstone recurrence after endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving lithotomy can better promote the recovery of gallbladder function， continuously improve the postoperative gallbladder contraction rates， and reduce the postoperative recurrence rate of gallstones without significantly increasing adverse reactions.