Abstract： Objective： To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bailing Capsules on viral pneumonia in rats. Methods：A total of 40 SPF-grade male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group，the model group， Bailing Capsules group，and Dexamethasone group，with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group，all the other groups were established as viral pneumonia models. The model and the control groups received 1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution via gavage； Bailing Capsules group received 0.54 g（/ kg·d） Bailing Capsules solution； and Dexamethasone group received 1 mg（/ kg·d） dexamethasone. After two，four，and six days of intervention，microhemagglutination assays were performed to measure viral hemagglutination titers；serum levels of interferon （IFN）-γ， interleukin（ IL）-2，IL-4，and IL-10 were measured by ELISA；HE staining was used to observe pathological changes and assess pulmonary fibrosis；western blot and PCR were employed to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein （NLRP）3， NLRP6， and caspase-1. Results： Compared with the model group， both the Bailing Capsules and the Dexamethasone groups showed decreased viral hemagglutination titer on day two（ P＜0.05） and increased titers on days four and six（ P＜0.05）. Compared with Bailing Capsules group， Dexamethasone group exhibited increased titers on day two （P＜0.05） and decreased titers on days four and six（ P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group，the model group showed decreased IFN-γ and IL-2（ P＜ 0.05）， and increased IL-4， IL-10， pulmonary fibrosis scores， NLRP3， NLRP6， and caspase-1 protein/mRNA expression （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， Bailing Capsules group and Dexamethasone group demonstrated increased IFN- γ and IL-2 （P＜0.05）， and decreased IL-4， IL-10， pulmonary fibrosis scores， NLRP3， NLRP6， and caspase-1 protein/mRNA expression （P＜0.05）. Compared with Bailing Capsules group， Dexamethasone group resulted in decreased IFN- γ and IL-2 levels （P＜0.05）， and increased IL-4， IL-10， pulmonary fibrosis scores，NLRP3，NLRP6，and caspase-1 protein/mRNA expression （P＜0.05）. The control group showed no abnormal changes in lung tissue. The model group showed significant lung tissue lesions and severe damage to alveolar structure. The improvement of pathological damage in Bailing Capsules group was significant and better than that in Dexamethasone group. Conclusion： Bailing Capsules ameliorates viral pneumonia potentially through NLRP3 signaling pathway modulation，pulmonary fibrosis reduction，and TH1/TH2 cell balance regulation.