Abstract： Objective： To observe the nursing effect of self-designed new-type moxibustion box on patients receiving chemotherapy after surgery of rectal cancer． Methods： A total of 166 patients given chemotherapy after surgery of rectal cancer from April 2022 to April 2024 were selected as the study subjects. After obtaining the patients' informed consent，they were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by lottery drawing，with 83 cases in each group．The control group was treated with conventional moxibustion box，and the observation group was treated with self-designed new-type temperature-controlled moxibustion box． The nursing effects were compared between the two groups． Results： After the intervention, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and gastrointestinal symptom scores in the two groups were decreased compared with those before the intervention， with statistically significant differences（P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences being found in the comparisons of scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and gastrointestinal symptoms between the two groups after intervention （P＞0.05）． After the intervention，the cancer-related fatigue scores in the two groups were decreased compared with those before the intervention, and the quality of life scores were increased compared with those before the intervention， with statistically significant differences（P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences being found in the comparisons of the post-intervention scores of cancer-related fatigue and quality of life between the two groups（P＞0.05）． The incidence of adverse events was 1.20% (1/83) in the observation group，lower than that of 9.64% (8/83) in the control group， the difference being significant（P＜0.05）． The comfort score in the observation group during moxibustion treatment was higher than that in the control group， the difference being significant（P＜0.05）． Conclusion： The application of moxibustion treatment can effectively improve the gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue degree of patients given chemotherapy after surgery of rectal cancer，and the introduction of new-type temperature-controlled moxibustion box can further reduce the adverse events of moxibustion and improve the comfort of patients while ensuring the therapeutic effect.