Abstract：Objective：To observe the effect of Bushen Yijing Decoction on sperm quality and serum sex hormone level of patients with oligoasthenospermia. Methods： A total of 102 patients with oligoasthenospermia who were admitted into the No. Four People's Hospital of Yuyao from July 2022 to April 2024 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，with 51 cases in each group. The control group was treated with western medicine，and the observation group was additionally treated with Bushen Yijing Decoction based on the treatment in the control group. The clinical effects，and the changes in the seminal quality，the levels of sex hormones [luteinizing hormone（LH），estradiol（E2），follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）and testosterone （T）]，and the levels of spermatic apoptotic factors [cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3（Caspase-3）and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-8 （Caspase-8）] before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，the amount of seminal fluid，sperm concentration，sperm motility rate and sperm motility （Grade a and Grade a+b）in both groups were improved when compared with those before treatment（P＜0.05），and the amount of seminal fluid，sperm concentration，sperm motility rate and sperm motility（Grade a and Grade a+b）in the observation group were higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）. After treatment，the levels of LH，E2 and FSH in both groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment（P＜0.05），and the T levels were increased when compared with those before treatment（P＜0.05）；the levels of LH，E2 and FSH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P＜0.05），and the T level was higher than that in the control group（P＜0.05）. After treatment， the levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 in the two groups were reduced when compared with those before treatment（P＜0.05）， and the above two levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P＜0.05）. The total clinical effective rate was 86.27%（44/51）in the observation group and 68.63%（35/51）in the control group， the difference being significant（P＜0.05）. Conclusion： Bushen Yijing Decoction has a great curative effect on oligoasthenospermia，which can improve the sperm quality and spermatic apoptosis and enhance the genital activities.