Abstract：Objective：To observe the effects of Compound Huangboye Liniment on postoperative wound healing time， necrotic tissue detachment time， wound edema， granulation tissue growth， and wound healing in patients with anal fistula with damp-heat pouring downward syndrome. Methods：A total of 116 patients with low anal fistula with dampheat pouring downward syndrome who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Proctology，Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to October 2023 were selected. They were divided into the trial group and the control group using the random number table method， with 58 cases in each group. The trial group received postoperative wound dressing with Compound Huangboye Liniment， while the control group received Kangfuxin Liquid. The postoperative wound healing time， necrotic tissue detachment time， wound edema，granulation tissue growth，and wound healing conditions were compared between the two groups. Results：On the 1st day after surgery， there was no statistically significant difference in wound area between the two groups（P＞ 0.05）. The wound healing time in the trial group was shorter than that in the control group（P＜0.05），and the necrotic tissue detachment time in the trial group was shorter than that in the control group（P＜0.05）. On the 1st day after surgery，there was no statistically significant difference in wound edema scores between the two groups（P＞0.05）. On the 7th，14th，21st，and 28th days after surgery，the trial group showed significantly lower wound edema scores than the control group， differences being significant （P＜0.05）. On the 1st day after surgery， there was no statistically significant difference in granulation tissue growth or wound healing between the two groups（P＞0.05）. On the 7th，14th， and 28th days after surgery，the trial group showed significantly better granulation tissue growth and wound healing than the control group， differences being significant（P＜0.05）. Conclusion： For postoperative anal fistula patients， wound dressing with Compound Huangboye Liniment can effectively shorten wound healing time， accelerate necrotic tissue detachment，alleviate postoperative wound edema，improve granulation tissue growth and wound healing，and enhance their quality of life.