Abstract：Objective：To analyze the characteristics of adverse reactions induced by Strychni Semen and explore the potential mechanisms of its neurotoxicity using data mining and network pharmacology. Methods： Literature reporting adverse reactions related to Strychni Semen was systematically retrieved from CNKI and VIP databases from their inception to November 13，2024. A total of 97 articles covering 325 patient cases were included. Through network pharmacology， a gene-target network of toxic components was constructed， and molecular docking simulations were performed to identify potential mechanisms. Results： Adverse reaction cases were reported across 26 provinces / autonomous regions / municipalities in China， predominantly affecting middle-aged and elderly populations. Multisystem involvement was observed， with neurological damage being the most severe manifestation （including fatal outcomes）. Overdosing and accidental ingestion were identified as primary causes. Network pharmacology revealed that toxic components of Strychni Semen may induce neurotoxicity by regulating key protein families—muscarinic receptors （CHRM）and glycine receptors（GLRA）—thereby affecting signaling pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction，cholinergic synapse，and neurodegenerative pathways. Conclusion：The neurotoxic adverse reactions of Strychni Semen are associated with critical gene targets regulated by its toxic components.