Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Peiyuan Zhuanggu Tablets combined with extracorporeal meridian shock wave therapy on residual low back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty（PVP）for osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fracture（OLVCF）. Methods：A total of 60 cases of patients who underwent PVP for OLVCF at Zhongshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to August 2024 and experienced residual low back pain within one month post-surgery were selected. They were divided into the shock wave group and the comprehensive treatment group according to the random number table method，with 30 cases in each group. Both groups received antiosteoporosis treatment； the shock wave group was treated with extracorporeal meridian shock wave therapy， and the comprehensive treatment group was treated with Peiyuan Zhuanggu Tablets combined with extracorporeal meridian shock wave therapy. Changes in Visual Analogue Scale（VAS）scores and Oswestry Disability Index（ODI）scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，VAS scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment（P＜0.05）， with the comprehensive treatment group showing lower VAS score than the shock wave group（P＜0.05）. After treatment，ODI scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment（P＜0.05），with the comprehensive treatment group showing lower ODI score than the shock wave group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：Peiyuan Zhuanggu Tablets combined with extracorporeal meridian shock wave therapy can effectively reduce the degree of residual low back pain and improve lumbar spine function.