Abstract： Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis（RVVC）is a common gynecological reproductive tract infection with rising incidence in recent years. Modern medicine recognizes that restoring vaginal microecological balance is crucial in RVVC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）theory posits that the spleen is intrinsically linked to vaginal microecology：The normal function of the spleen in transportation ensures orderly ascending and descending of qi and maintains relative equilibrium of yin-yang，this state corresponds the homeostatic balance of the microecosystem. This vaginal microecological homeostasis represents the external manifestation of the spleen's defensive function. This paper examines the mechanism of TCM interventions for vulvovaginal candidiasis in regulating vaginal microecology from the perspective of "spleen governing defense." The authors systematically analyze the spleen-microecology relationship through four dimensions： vaginal anatomical structure， microbiota composition， local immunity， and endocrine regulation. Clinically，the spleen-strengthening method demonstrates efficacy in RVVC management.