Abstract：This article reviews the research progress of short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs）in the pathophysiological mechanisms related to polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）and explores their potential mechanisms，aiming to provide references for studying the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）in the treatment of PCOS and offer more therapeutic approaches. Using "polycystic ovary syndrome"，"short-chain fatty acids" and "intestinal flora" as keywords， relevant literature was searched from PubMed and CNKI databases， and 41 articles were included for reference. The analysis shows that SCFAs affect the occurrence and development of PCOS through such pathways as intervening in the expression of inflammatory factors，participating in the gut-brain axis immune system，and activating free fatty acid receptors（FFARs）to improve insulin resistance（IR）. The therapeutic mechanism of TCM in PCOS is closely related to SCFA-mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses，stimulation of signal pathways，and regulation of IR by TCM.