Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Heat-Clearing and Damp-Resolving Fumigation Prescription in treating post-anal fistulectomy of damp-heat pouring downward type. Methods：A total of 90 cases of patients after anal fistulectomy of damp-heat pouring downward type treated in the Anorectal Department at Huzhou Wuxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method，with 45 cases in each group. Finally， 42 cases in each group completed the study. Both groups received routine postoperative symptomatic treatment. Additionally，the study group received fumigation and sitting bath treatment with Heat-Clearing and Damp- Resolving Fumigation Prescription，and the control group received potassium permanganate fumigation and sitting bath treatment. Both groups were treated for 3 days postoperatively and followed up at 21 days postoperatively. At 21 days postoperatively，the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. At 1 day and 21 days postoperatively，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，wound symptom scores （wound pain，tissue edema，wound exudate， and granulation morphology）， serum inflammatory factor levels [interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α（ TNF-α）]，and cell growth factor levels [epidermal growth factor（ EGF），vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）] were compared between the two groups. The wound healing rate， wound exudate duration， wound healing time， and safety were compared between the two groups. Results： At 21 days postoperatively， the total effective rate was 95.24% （40/42） in the study group， which was higher than 80.95% （34/42） in the control group （P＜0.05）. The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those at 1 day postoperatively （P＜0.05）， and the study group had lower traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores than the control group （P＜0.05）. The wound pain，tissue edema， wound exudate，and granulation morphology scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those at 1 day postoperatively （P＜0.05），and the study group had lower scores in these four items than the control group （P＜0.05）. The levels of IFN-γ，IL-1β，and TNF-α in serum in the two groups were reduced when compared with those at 1 day postoperatively （P＜0.05），and the study group had lower levels of these three indicators than the control group （P＜ 0.05）. The levels of EGF，VEGF，and TGF-β in the two groups were increased when compared with those at 1 day postoperatively （P＜0.05），and the study group had higher levels of these three indicators than the control group （P＜ 0.05）. The wound healing rate was higher in the study group than that in the control group （P＜0.05），and the wound exudate duration and wound healing time were shorter in the study group than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. During treatment，no significant abnormalities or allergic reactions were observed in either group. Conclusion：Heat- Clearing and Damp-Resolving Fumigation Prescription for patients after anal fistulectomy for anal fistula of damp-heat pouring downward type can improve clinical efficacy， alleviate clinical and wound symptoms and promote wound exudate absorption and wound healing，with high safety.