Abstract：With the aging of the population，health maintenance for the elderly has become a focus of attention. Due to the psychological and physiological characteristics of the elderly， medication use is prevalent among them， accompanied by widespread drug abuse. It is crucial to integrate health maintenance with the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases. This study sorts out the academic thoughts on "disease prevention" and "prudent medication" in Lao Lao Heng Yan （Common Sense for Senile Wellbeing），and analyzes them in combination with modern issues of disease prevention and medication use. It discusses the two aspects of preventing diseases before onset and using medication prudently after illness，aiming to provide guidance for disease prevention，health maintenance，and medication use for the elderly，enrich health maintenance theories and methods，and promote the development of health undertakings.