Abstract： Objective： To analyze the potential mechanism of Xihuang Pills in the treatment of esophageal cancer （EC） using network pharmacology and molecular docking validation. Methods： The active ingredients of Xihuang Pills and corresponding targets were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and relevant literature. R 4.4.1 software was used for screening and integration. Disease targets for EC were obtained from databases including The Human Gene Database （GeneCards）， On-line Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） ， Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base （pharmGKB）， Comparative Toxicogenomics Database （CTD）， and Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）. The intersection between drug and disease targets was taken. Cytoscape 3.10.3 software was employed to construct a Chinese medicine compound regulation network and a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Gene Ontology（ GO） functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analyses were performed based on the Database for Annotation， Visualization， and Integrated Discovery （DAVID）. Molecular docking validation was conducted for core ingredients and targets. Results：A total of 57 active ingredients，400 drug targets，7 330 disease targets， and 307 intersection targets were screened. Based on the topological analysis of the Chinese medicine compound regulation network and PPI network，key targets such as tumor protein P53 （TP53），AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 （AKT1）， tyrosine-protein kinase SRC （SRC）， and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， as well as core ingredients including quercetin， acetyl-11-keto- β -boswellic acid （AKBA）， and boswellic acid， were identified. Analysis yielded 627 GO terms， primarily related to inflammation and apoptosis. In total， 113 KEGG pathways were identified，mainly involving cancer pathways，inflammation and immunity，proliferation and apoptosis， oxidative stress，and other signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that the core targets and key ingredients had strong binding affinity. Conclusion：Xihuang Pills may exert therapeutic effects on EC through active ingredients like quercetin， AKBA， and boswellic acid by regulating signaling pathways such as rat sarcoma （Ras） virus， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt），and AMP-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1/forkhead box protein O（ AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO）