Abstract：Objective：To observe the effect of Guben Jiangu Decoction on lumbar function and bone metabolism in postoperative patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures （OVCF）. Methods： A total of 80 OVCF patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP） at Zhumadian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from December 2022 to December 2024 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group using the random number table method， with 40 cases in each group. The control group received conventional postoperative treatment，while the observation group received additional oral administration of Guben Jiangu Decoction. The changes in Oswestry Disability Index （ODI） scores， lmbar function [Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） scores]， bone mineral density （lumbar vertebrae L2-4， femoral neck， femoral greater trochanter）， serum alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， urinary deoxypyridinoline （DPD）， and bone gla protein （BGP） levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Incidence of adverse reactions was also observed. Results：After treatment， the ODI scores of both groups decreased compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）， and the ODI score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. The JOA scores of both groups increased compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05），and the JOA score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae L2–4， femoral neck， and femoral greater trochanter in both groups increased compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）， and the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae L2–4，femoral neck，and femoral greater trochanter in the observation group was higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. After treatment，the serum ALP and DPD levels in both groups decreased，while the BGP levels increased compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）. The ALP and DPD levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，while the BGP level was higher than that in the control group （P＜ 0.05）. Conclusion： Guben Jiangu Decoction can promote the recovery of lumbar function and improve bone mineral density and bone metabolism in postoperative patients with OVCF.