Abstract：The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is closely associated with latent pathogens. The struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors persists throughout the entire course of the disease. When the body's healthy qi is deficient，latent pathogens hide within the bone marrow，this condition gradually consuming the healthy qi and leading to internal retention of phlegm，stasis，and toxins. The latent pathogens manifest when healthy qi fails to conquer the pathogenic factors. Based on the characteristics of latent pathogens in causing disease， this study analyzes the connections between traditional Chinese medicine's understanding of multiple myeloma and modern research findings， such as genetic background，bone marrow microenvironment，and immune system-related changes. It demonstrates the significant role of latent pathogens throughout the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma，aiming to contribute to the precise syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.