Abstract：Cholecystolithiasis is a common biliary system disease，with incidence influenced by multiple factors such as geographic region，lifestyle，gender，age，and genetic predisposition. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） classifies cholecystolithiasis as gallstone disease， which is primarily attributed to liver stagnation and damp-heat. Chinese medicine shows promising potential in preventing and treating cholecystolithiasis. Its therapeutic mechanisms involve regulating cholesterol metabolism， modulating the balance of bile acids and phospholipids， promoting gallbladder contraction， exerting anti-inflammatory effects， and improving gut microbiota， thereby maintaining the bile homeostasis and preventing stone formation. Although basic research supports these effects， clinical evidence remains insufficient，and the mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. Future efforts should focus on mechanistic exploration and high-quality clinical validation to enhance the clinical value and application prospects of TCM in the prevention and treatment of cholecystolithiasis.