Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of intersphincteric drainage combined with Chinese medicine sitz bath in the treatment of low perianal abscess and its impact on related cytokine levels. Methods：A total of 90 inpatients with low perianal abscess who underwent surgery in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Proctology， Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University from October 2022 to October 2023 were divided into the treatment group and the control group using the sealed envelope method， with 45 cases in each group. The treatment group received intersphincteric drainage combined with Chinese medicine sitz bath， while the control group received intersphincteric drainage combined with sitz bath of Potassium Permanganate. The treatment course for both groups was two weeks. The clinical symptom scores （postoperative wound pain，exudate，granulation tissue growth），and serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β），tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α），intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1）， cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）， 5- hydroxytryptamine（ 5-HT），vascular endothelial growth factor（ VEGF），angiotensin Ⅰ（ Ang-Ⅰ），and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） were compared between the two groups. Results：On postoperative day 1，there was no statistically significant difference in the Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） scores for wound pain between the two groups （P＞0.05）. On postoperative days 3，7，and 14，the VAS scores for wound pain in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. On postoperative day 1， there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for wound exudate volume between the two groups （P＞0.05）. On postoperative days 3，7，and 14，the scores for wound exudate volume in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group（ P＜0.05）. On postoperative day 1，there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for wound granulation tissue growth between the two groups （P＞0.05）. On postoperative days 3， 7， and 14， the scores for wound granulation tissue growth in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P＜ 0.05）. On postoperative day 1， there were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β，TNF-α，ICAM-1，and VCAM-1 between the two groups （P＞0.05）. On postoperative day 14，the levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， ICAM-1， and VCAM-1 in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. On postoperative day 1，there were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of pain-related cytokines COX-2，PGE2，and 5-HT between the two groups （P＞0.05）. On postoperative day 14，the levels of COX-2，PGE2，and 5-HT in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P＜ 0.05）. On postoperative day 1，there were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of growth-related cytokines TGF-β1， VEGF， and Ang-Ⅰbetween the two groups （P＞0.05）. On postoperative day 14， the levels of TGF-β1， VEGF， and Ang-Ⅰ in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P＜ 0.05）. Conclusion： Intersphincteric drainage combined with Chinese medicine sitz bath can alleviate postoperative pain， reduce exudate， inhibit the expression of inflammation and pain-related cytokines， enhance the expression of growth-related cytokines，promote angiogenesis，and facilitate postoperative wound healing in perianal abscess.