Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of steam medicated cupping in the treatment of residual pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP）. Methods： A total of 90 patients diagnosed with fresh osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and presenting with residual pain after PVP， all belonging to the syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis according to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation， were selected from the First Department of Orthopedics， Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to June 2024. They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group using the random number table method， with 45 patients in each group. Both groups received basic anti-osteoporosis treatment. Additionally， the control group received Chinese medicine fumigating-steaming therapy， while the observation group received steam medicated cupping. Treatment was administered once daily for seven sessions in both groups. The Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） score for pain， Oswestry Disability Index （ODI）， Short Form-36 Health Survey （SF-36） score， and cured and markedly improved rate were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of adverse events was recorded. Results：At one day，one week，and one month after treatment，the VAS and ODI scores of both groups decreased compared with those one day before treatment，and the VAS and ODI scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at the same time points，with statistically significant differences （P＜0.05）. At one month after treatment，the SF-36 scores of both groups increased compared with those before treatment，and the SF-36 score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group，with statistically significant differences （P＜ 0.05）. At one month after treatment，the cured and markedly improved rate in the observation group was 80.0% （36/ 45）， which was higher than that of 51.1% （23/45） in the control group， showing a statistically significant difference （P＜0.05）. During the treatment period，no adverse events such as skin burns or blisters occurred in either group. Conclusion：Steam medicated cupping exerts certain efficacy in the treatment of residual pain after PVP. It can effectively alleviate pain，improve lumbar function，enhance quality of life，and demonstrates high safety.