Analysis of Medication Rules and Mechanism of XU Hongbo in Treating Chronic Glomerulonephritis of Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency Type from the Perspective of Yang-Tonifying Based on Data Mining and Network Pharmacology
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the medication rules and mechanism of XU Hongbo in treating chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type from the perspective of yang-tonifying based on data mining and network pharmacology. Methods: Medical records of patients with CGN of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type treated by XU Hongbo in outpatient clinics from January 2020 to December 2024 were collected. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was used for data analysis to summarize the core prescription. Network pharmacology methods were then employed to analyze its mechanism of action. Results:A total of 288 prescriptions involving 194 distinct herbs were included, with a cumulative herb application frequency of 4 018 times. The herbs primarily entered the spleen,kidney,and lung meridians;their properties were mostly warm, neutral,and heat;and their flavors were predominantly sweet,pungent,and bitter. The prescriptions have the primary actions of deficiency-tonifying,and also have the auxiliary effect on astringent,exterior-releasing,interior-warming, blood circulation-activating and stasis eliminating. Association rule and cluster analyses revealed the core prescription consisting of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Astragali Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rosae Laevigatae Fructus,Euryales Semen,Typhae Pollen,and Faeces Trogopterori. Network pharmacology analysis identified 80 active components and 229 corresponding targets from the core prescription,1 734 disease-related targets, and 127 overlapping targets. The core targets mainly included interleukin-6 (IL-6), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and serum albumin (ALB). The core components mainly included kaempferol, β-sitosterol, sitosterol, quercetin, fatty acids, isorhamnetin, and mandenol. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the cellular components primarily involved membrane rafts, plasma lipoprotein particles, protein kinase complexes, receptor complexes, and cell bodies. The biological processes mainly involved response to oxidative stress, response to reactive oxygen species, response to nutrient levels, and response to growth factors. The molecular functions mainly involved DNA-binding transcription factor, cytokine receptor binding, oxidoreductase activity, and protein kinase binding proteins. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the primary signaling pathways included the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway,and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the core components and core targets could achieve effective docking with stable interactions, suggesting the core prescription has potential therapeutic efficacy for CGN. Conclusion: XU Hongbo's treatments of CGN advocates warming and tonifying kidney yang. The core prescription,through main components such as kaempferol,β-sitosterol,sitosterol,quercetin,fatty acids,isorhamnetin,and mandenol,acts on targets including IL-6,AKT1,EGFR,MMP9,and ALB. It regulates signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE, lipid and atherosclerosis, IL-17, VEGF, FoxO, and HIF-1, thereby inhibiting glomerular mesangial cell proliferation, alleviating renal inflammatory response, and preventing renal fibrosis in CGN of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type.