从“有故无殒”分析《千金方》妊娠禁忌药物运用
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Analysis of the Application of Medicinals Contraindicated During Pregnancy Recorded in Qian Jin Fang Under the Guidance of the You Gu Wu Yun Theory
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    摘要:

    “有故无殒”源自《黄帝内经》,强调在辨证准确的前提下,孕妇罹患重病时可使用峻猛或有毒之药。《千金方》在妊娠病治疗中对此多有体现。现以《中华人民共和国药典》(2025年版)为妊娠禁用/慎用药物的分类标准,筛选《备急千金要方》《千金翼方》中治疗妊娠病的相关方剂,分析桂心、大黄、枳实、附子、蒲黄、商陆6味药物的具体运用,结合唐代《新修本草》等文献,从病机、配伍、炮制、剂量四方面总结用药规律。结果发现:6味药物中,桂心、附子于唐代本草已明确记载“能堕胎”,孙思邈通过“熬”“蒸”等炮制方法及配伍减毒、剂量控制等手段,使禁忌之药转化为安胎治病之剂;大黄、枳实、蒲黄、商陆虽无明确的妊娠禁忌记载,亦通过配伍扶正、剂型选择、剂量控制等方式确保护胎。《千金方》运用妊娠禁用/慎用药物遵循四大原则:以病机为据、有故方用;以配伍减毒、护正安胎;以炮制缓性、减毒增效;以剂量为度、中病即止。这一用药法则为现代临床辨证使用妊娠慎用/禁用药物提供了文献依据与思路参考。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: The theory of you gu wu yun (If there is enough reason, a toxic medicine can also be used without harm) originates from the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic),emphasizing that pregnant women suffering from severe diseases may be treated with drastic purgatives or toxic medicinals when syndrome differentiation is accurate. Qian Jin Fang( Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces) exemplifies this theory in the management of pregnancy disorders. Using the classification criteria for medicinals contraindicated and cautiously used during pregnancy in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2025 Edition), this study screened relevant prescriptions recorded in the Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang (Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency) and Qian Jin Yi Fang (Supplement to ′Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces'),analyzed the specific application of six Chinese herbal medicines (Cinnamomi Cortex, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Typhae Pollen, Phytolaccae Radix), and summarized their medication rules from four perspectives:pathogenesis,compatibility,processing,and dosage,with reference to Xin Xiu Ben Cao (Newly Revised Materia Medica) of Tang Dynasty and other relevant literature. The findings indicated that Cinnamomi Cortex and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata were explicitly documented as "capable of inducing abortion" in the classics of materia medica in the Tang Dynasty. SUN Simiao employed processing methods such as stir-frying and steaming,combined with toxicity-mitigating compatibility and dosage control,to transform contraindicated medicinals into safe agents that both treat diseases and preserve the fetus. Although Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Typhae Pollen, and Phytolaccae Radix lack explicit pregnancy contraindications, fetal protection was nevertheless achieved through rational compatibility to support healthy qi, appropriate dosage form selection, and precise dosage control. Qian Jin Fang adheres to four principles in employing medicinals contraindicated and cautiously used during pregnancy:administering medicinals based on pathogenesis,medication only when there is enough reason; reducing toxicity through compatibility, supporting the healthy qi and preserving the fetus; attenuating medicinal properties by processing,reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy;and discontinuing medication once the disease is resolved to a substantial extent. This medication system offers a literature foundation and reference for the rational use of medicinals contraindicated and cautiously used during pregnancy in modern clinical practice guided by accurate syndrome differentiation.

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占凌胭,邱芳晖.从“有故无殒”分析《千金方》妊娠禁忌药物运用[J].新中医,2026,58(18):164-168

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-09-29
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