Abstract：Objective：To elucidate the mechanism of Tuohua Decoction in the treatment of retained products of conception （RPOC） by integrating network pharmacology， molecular docking， molecular dynamics simulation， and Mendelian randomization. Methods： The active ingredients and corresponding targets of Tuohua Decoction were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and SwissTargetPrediction. RPOC-related targets were obtained from The Human Gene Database （GeneCards）， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and DisGeNET. After intersecting the drug targets with disease targets， an "ingredient-target" network and a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network were constructed. Gene Ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation， Visualization， and Integrated Discovery （DAVID）. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses were conducted on the core ingredients and core targets. Finally， Mendelian randomization analysis of the core targets was performed based on the eQTLGen and FinnGen R12 databases. Results：A total of 58 ingredients targeting 595 proteins of Tuohua Decoction were identified，2 527 disease targets of RPOC were retrieved， yielding 38 overlapping targets after intersection. The main active ingredients of Tuohua Decoction for RPOC were identified as quercetin， β-sitosterol， stigmasterol， kaempferol， and baicalein， and the core targets as epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR），signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （ERBB2）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and cyclin D1 （CCND1）. GO functional analysis mainly involved biological processes such as response to endogenous stimuli and oxygen-containing compounds，regulation of cell population proliferation，and protein kinase activity. KEGG pathway analysis mainly involved the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 （HIF-1） signaling pathway， calcium signaling pathway， helper T cell 17 （Th17） cell differentiation pathway， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）-protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that strong binding affinities between quercetin，β-sitosterol，stigmasterol，kaempferol，and baicalein with EGFR，STAT3，ERBB2， mTOR， and CCND1， respectively. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal relationship between mTOR and RPOC. Conclusion：Tuohua Decoction may exert its therapeutic effects in the treatment of RPOC through multiingredient， multi-target， and multi-pathway mechanisms， including improving tissue hypoxia， inhibiting cell proliferation，reducing inflammatory responses，and enhancing uterine contraction.